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Body Habitus in a Cohort of HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Injection Drug Users
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AIDS Patient Care and STDs
January 2005
Ellen Smit, Ph.D.
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
Richard D. Semba, M.D.
School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Erin Pilibosian, M.S.P.H.
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
David Vlahov, Ph.D.
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York.
Waimar Tun, Ph.D.
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Lisa Purvis, M.B.A., M.P.H.
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Alice M. Tang, Ph.D.
School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
We determined anthropometric measurements (including height, weight, circumferences, and skinfolds) and self-reported symptoms related to body habitus changes in 324 HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative inner city injection drug users (IDUs) who participated in a substudy from the ALIVE (AIDS Linked to Intravenous Experiences) cohort.
Participants who reported lipoatrophy in body parts had consistently lower anthropometric measurements and those reporting adiposity had correspondingly higher anthropometric measurements than participants who did not report these changes.
Peripheral lipoatrophy was more common among all HIV-seropositive than HIV-seronegative participants, however, it was not associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (39% HIV-seronegatives; 58% HIV-seropositive not receiving HIV treatment [No Tx]; 49% HAART, p = 0.04).
Central adiposity was more common among HAART (52%) than No Tx (26.6%) and HIV-seronegative (42%) participants (p = 0.001). However, waist circumference, while somewhat higher among HAART than No Tx participants, did not differ significantly from HIV-seronegative participants (85.2 cm HIV-seronegatives; 83.3 cm No Tx; 85.8 cm HAART).
A large proportion of those who reported peripheral lipoatrophy also reported central lipoatrophy (76.9% HIV-seronegatives; 69.6% No Tx; 66.2% HAART). A large proportion of those who reported central adiposity also reported adiposity of the peripheral sites (88.1% HIV seronegatives; 66.7% No Tx; 74.3% HAART).
The combination of lipoatrophy and adiposity was associated with HAART treatment (6% HIV-seronegatives; 3% No Tx; 16% HAART, p = 0.002), but may be driven by the association with adiposity. These data suggest validity of self-reports for body habitus changes among injection drug users.
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