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Reducing Blood Pressure / Hypertension Targets - Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and MortalityA Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
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"Hypertension is the leading global preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death
In general, there were linear associations between mean achieved SBP levels and the risk of major CVD, stroke, CHD, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality (Figure 3 and Figure 4; eFigure 2 and eTables 5-7 in the Supplement). The lowest risks for major CVD, CHD, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality were at a mean achieved SBP of 120 to 124 mm Hg, whereas the lowest risk for stroke was at a mean achieved SBP of less than 120 mm Hg."
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Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and MortalityA Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
JAMA Cardiol. July 2017
Hypertension is the leading global preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death
In general, there were linear associations between mean achieved SBP levels and the risk of major CVD, stroke, CHD, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality (Figure 3 and Figure 4; eFigure 2 and eTables 5-7 in the Supplement). The lowest risks for major CVD, CHD, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality were at a mean achieved SBP of 120 to 124 mm Hg, whereas the lowest risk for stroke was at a mean achieved SBP of less than 120 mm Hg.
Key Points
Question What is the optimal target for reduction of systolic blood pressure among patients with hypertension?
Findings In this systematic review and network meta-analysis of 42 trials, including 144 220 patients, linear associations were seen between mean achieved systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, with the lowest risk at a systolic blood pressure of 120 to 124 mm Hg.
Meaning Reducing systolic blood pressure below currently recommended targets with commonly used antihypertensive medications may significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
Abstract
Importance Clinical trials have documented that lowering blood pressure reduces cardiovascular disease and premature deaths. However, the optimal target for reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) is uncertain.
Objective To assess the association of mean achieved SBP levels with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in adults with hypertension treated with antihypertensive therapy.
Data Sources MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception to December 15, 2015, supplemented by manual searches of the bibliographies of retrieved articles.
Study Selection Studies included were clinical trials with random allocation to an antihypertensive medication, control, or treatment target. Studies had to have reported a difference in mean achieved SBP of 5 mm Hg or more between comparison groups.
Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted from each study independently and in duplicate by at least 2 investigators according to a standardized protocol. Network meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled randomized results comparing the association of each 5-mm Hg SBP category with clinical outcomes after adjusting for baseline risk.
Main Outcomes and Measures Cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
Results Forty-two trials, including 144 220 patients, met the eligibility criteria. In general, there were linear associations between mean achieved SBP and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, with the lowest risk at 120 to 124 mm Hg. Randomized groups with a mean achieved SBP of 120 to 124 mm Hg had a hazard ratio (HR) for major cardiovascular disease of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.60-0.83) compared with randomized groups with a mean achieved SBP of 130 to 134 mm Hg, an HR of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.48-0.72) compared with those with a mean achieved SBP of 140 to 144 mm Hg, an HR of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.34-0.63) compared with those with a mean achieved SBP of 150 to 154 mm Hg, and an HR of 0.36 (95% CI, 0.26-0.51) compared with those with a mean achieved SBP of 160 mm Hg or more.
Likewise, randomized groups with a mean achieved SBP of 120 to 124 mm Hg had an HR for all-cause mortality of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.58-0.93) compared with randomized groups with a mean achieved SBP of 130 to 134 mm Hg, an HR of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.45-0.77) compared with those with a mean achieved SBP of 140 to 144 mm Hg, an HR of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.36-0.71) compared with those with a mean achieved SBP of 150 to 154 mm Hg, and an HR of 0.47 (95% CI, 0.32-0.67) compared with those with a mean achieved SBP of 160 mm Hg or more.
Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that reducing SBP to levels below currently recommended targets significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. These findings support more intensive control of SBP among adults with hypertension.
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