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Dyslipidemia Among Perinatally HIV-Infected
Children Enrolled in the PACTS-HOPE Cohort, 1999-2004
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A Longitudinal Analysis
Abstract
Background:
Protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens have led to improved survival among HIV-infected children. However, adverse effects, including dyslipidemia, may put children at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Methods:
Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were recorded on perinatally HIV-infected children participating in the PACTS-HOPE cohort (1999-2004). Hypercholesterolemia (HC) was defined as cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL and hypertriglyceridemia (HT) as triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL. HC and HT were modeled over time using generalized estimating equations.
Results:
For 178 children, 47% met criteria for HC and 67% for HT at least once during the study period. In generalized estimating equation models, PI use, undetectable viral load, and immunologic category 3 were independent predictors of HC. HT was significantly associated with PI use and body mass index (BMI) ≥90th percentile for age and gender. Among children on PI-containing regimens, HC was significantly associated with multiple PIs and undetectable viral load; HT was predicted by body mass index ≥90th percentile and ritonavir use. The prevalence of clinical lipodystrophy was 5.6% (10/178).
Conclusions:
Children on PI-containing regimens have a higher risk of both HC and HT. Lipid levels should be measured regularly in children on antiretroviral treatment. Interventions such as diet, exercise, or lipid-lowering drug therapy may benefit some children.
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