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Cancer Screening Rates, Disparities by Immigration Status and Predictors of Cancer Screening among Black Women with HIV
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JAIDS January 26, 2026
in the general population, the rate of breast cancer screening was 78%, 80% for cervical cancer and less than 70% for colorectal cancer.6 According to the American Cancer Society, the four most common cancers among women are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer.7 In a cohort study of people with HIV in the Washington, DC area, the median age at the time of incident cancer diagnosis was 58 years for NADC.8 In this study, 41.2% of breast cancer diagnoses were made before the recommended age of screening.8
Generally, and notably, cancer screening rates were low for all cancer categories for both groups. Among age-eligible women, 48.7% received breast cancer screening, with lower rates among NUSBW (35.9%) compared to USBW (50.4%). For lung cancer, 6.3% underwent screening, with lower rates among NUSBW (1.9% versus 7.0%). For colorectal cancer, 25.5% received screening, with NUSBW having lower rates compared to USBW (11.1% versus 27.5%). Similarly, with cervical cancer screening, the overall rate was 72.8% and was much lower among NUSBW compared to USBW (65.4% compared to 73.8%).
Introduction:
People with HIV have a higher incidence and mortality from screenable cancers than the general population. Among women, the four most common cancers are breast, colorectal, lung, and cervical cancers. This study examined breast, colorectal, lung, and cervical cancer screening rates among Black women with HIV and disparities that exist by Immigration status.
Methods:
With a sample of 604 women, we examined cancer screening rates for breast, colorectal, lung, and cervical cancers and examined the rates by country of origin. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine potential factors affecting these rates and the odds of screening by country of origin: US-born women (USBW) and non-US-born women (NUSBW).
Results:
Cancer screening rates were low for all cancer categories for both groups.
A screening rate of 48.7% was estimated for breast cancer (NUSBW-35.9% versus USBW-50.4%), 6.3% for lung cancer, 25.5% for colorectal cancer, and 72.8% for cervical cancer. NUSBW had lower screening rates for all 4 cancers compared to USBW.
Possible predictors for cancer screenings were years of living with HIV (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.07-1.14) and no viral suppression (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.15-0.76).
Conclusion:
Black women with HIV and much more immigrant subgroups may face additional barriers to accessing required cancer screening services in addition to being disproportionately affected by HIV. This emphasizes the urgent need for tailored, culturally relevant outreach and education to enhance cancer screening.
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