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The impact of physical activity on cognition in men with and without HIV
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Reported by Jules Levin
CROI 2015
Feb 23-26, Seattle, WA
A. Monroe1, L. Zhang2, L. Jacobson2, M. Plankey3, T. Brown1, C. Munro2, E. Miller4, E. Martin5, J. Becker6, Y. Li3, N. Sacktor1
1 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 2 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 3 Georgetown University 4 University of California, Los Angeles 5 Rush University Medical Center 6 University of Pittsburgh
Apparently mixed results between this study and the 2 below linked to-
CROI: The Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Health and Inflammation in HIV - (03/09/15)
Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Cognitive Decline and Brain Volume Loss Associated With HIV.....from Jules: real-world exercise/diet intervention studies are need....http://www.natap.org/2015/CROI/croi_107.htm
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Higher physical activity category was associated with better scores on tests of psychomotor and executive functioning in a cohort of HIV-infected and -uninfected men at baseline but did not affect the change over time.
The affect of PA on cognition does not vary by HIV status
program abstract
Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a highly prevalent complication of HIV infection, however, the mechanism of its development and its optimal treatments are only partially understood. Our objective was to determine the association between physical activity and cognitive function and the effect of HIV on that association among participants from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).
Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was administered during a semiannual MACS visit occuring from April 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011, serving as the baseline visit for this analysis. Metabolic Equivalents (METs) total score and categorical physical activity scores (low, moderate, and high) were generated. Assessments of psychomotor function (Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)), executive functioning (Trail Making Test Part B), and motor speed (Trail Making Test Part A) were performed at the baseline visit and at up to eight subsequent MACS visits. We determined the association between median test scores and physical activity, demographic, and clinical factors at the baseline visit and also examined the association between demographic and clinical factors and the change in test performance over time.
Results: Of the 622 men included, 44% were HIV-infected. Low, moderate, and high activity was reported in 19%, 31% and 50% of the HIV-uninfected men and 28%, 25%, and 48% of the HIV-infected men, respectively. HIV was not significantly associated with SDMT, Trails A, or Trails B score in multivariate analysis. In the cross-sectional analysis, high physical activity category was associated with better SDMT and Trails B test scores compared with low activity (ß=0.45, p=0.02 and ß=0.45, p=0.03) among all men and was associated with better SDMT scores when HIV-infected men were examined separately (ß=0.57, p=0.01). In the longitudinal analysis, physical activity category at baseline was not associated with subsequent change in SDMT, Trails A, or Trails B.
Conclusions: Higher physical activity category was associated with better scores on tests of psychomotor and executive functioning in a cohort of HIV-infected and -uninfected men at baseline but did not affect the change over time. Physical activity may have protective effects against cognitive impairments, independent of HIV status.
What is Trails A & B- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_Making_Test
The Trail Making Test is a neuropsychological test of visual attention and task switching. It consists of two parts in which the subject is instructed to connect a set of 25 dots as fast as possible while still maintaining accuracy.[1] It can provide information about visual search speed, scanning, speed of processing, mental flexibility, as well as executive functioning.[1] It is also sensitive to detecting several cognitive impairments such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia.[2]
The goal of the test is for the subject is to finish the part A and part B as quickly as possible, the time taken to complete the test is used as the primary performance metric. Error rate is not recorded in the paper and pencil version of the test, however, it is assumed that if errors are made it will be reflected in the completion time.[2] Test B, in which the subject alternates between numbers and letters, is used to examine executive functioning.[2] Part A is used primarily to examine cognitive processing speed.[2]
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